Molecular identification of non-albicans candida isolated from vulvovaginitis of cows
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30539/qzvxqd11Keywords:
Non-albicans Candida , vulvovaginitis, molecular identification, biofilm formation, antifungal resistanceAbstract
Background: Vulvovaginitis in cows is an important reproductive issue that can affect fertility, cause discomfort, and lead to complications during breeding or calving. This research aims at the molecular identification of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species isolated from cows with vulvovaginitis in Baghdad City, highlighting their genetic diversity and potential clinical implications. Methodology: A total of 150 vaginal swab samples were collected from cows suffering from vaginal infection. Identification was done through the VITEK 2 system, and the molecular detection by the PCR assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was also performed followed by sequencing. Then, the multiplex PCR was used to amplify two key genes associated with biofilm formation in various NAC species, these genes included Agglutinin-Like Sequence 1(ALS1) and Hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1). Moreover, the PCR assay was used to determine the presence of anti-fungal resistance by targeting the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1). Results: Using the Vitek2 system, a yeast-like growth was observed in 17% (26/150) of the samples. Candida tropicalis was the most prevalent species (30.7%), followed by Candida krusei (19.2%). Other NAC species included C. parapsillosis (7.6%), C. utilis (2.6%), C. pelluiculosa, and C. albicans (2.6% each). PCR amplification of the ITS region followed by sequencing confirmed the genetic diversity of the isolates, with species-level identification achieved through high nucleotide sequence identity (99–100%) to GenBank references. The findings highlighted the utility of molecular techniques in distinguishing closely related species. The research also identified the presence of the biofilm-associated genes and the multidrug resistance gene in several NAC species, emphasizing their virulence and anti-fungal resistance. Biofilm formation was particularly prominent in C. tropicalis, correlating with treatment challenges. Conclusions: The findings underscore the rising prevalence and pathogenic potential of NAC species in vulvovaginitis, emphasizing the need for advanced molecular diagnostics to guide effective treatment strategies.
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